Psychology
About the Book
Approach and Pedagogy
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1. Introducing Psychology
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Psychology as a Science
1.2 The Evolution of Psychology: History, Approaches, and Questions
1.3 Psychologists at Work
1.4 Psychology in Everyday Life
Chapter 2. Psychological Science
2.0 Introduction
2.1 Psychologists Use the Scientific Method to Guide Their Research
2.2 Research Designs in Psychology
2.3 Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
2.4 Conducting Ethical Research
Chapter 3. Brains, Biology, and Behaviour
3.0 Introduction
3.1 Neurons, Neurotransmitters, and Hormones
3.2 Our Brains Control Our Thoughts, Feelings, and Behaviour
3.3 Psychologists Study the Brain Using Many Different Methods
3.4 Putting It All Together: The Nervous System and the Endocrine System
3.5 Evolution and Psychology
3.6 Genes and Environments: Nature and Nurture
Chapter 4. States of Consciousness
4.0 Introduction
4.1 Sleeping and Dreaming Revitalize Us for Action
4.2 Altering Consciousness With Psychoactive Drugs
4.3 Altering Consciousness Without Drugs
Chapter 5. Sensing and Perceiving
5.0 Introduction
5.1 Sensation and Perception
5.2 Seeing
5.3 Hearing
5.4 Tasting, Smelling, and Touching
5.5 Accuracy and Inaccuracy in Perception
Chapter 6. Learning
6.0 Introduction
6.1 Learning by Association: Classical Conditioning
6.2 Changing Behaviour Through Reinforcement and Punishment: Operant Conditioning
6.3 Learning by Insight and Observation
6.4 Using the Principles of Learning in Everyday Life
Chapter 7. Psychology in Our Social Lives
7.0 Introduction
7.1 Social Cognition: Making Sense of Ourselves and Others
7.2 Interacting With Others: Helping, Hurting, and Conforming
7.3 Working With Others: The Costs and Benefits of Social Groups
Chapter 8. Cognition
8.0 Introduction
8.1 The Elements of Cognition
8.2 Problem-Solving: Heuristics and Algorithms
8.3 Cognitive Processes That May Lead to Inaccuracy
Chapter 9. Intelligence and Language
9.0 Introduction
9.1 Defining and Measuring Intelligence
9.2 Individual Differences in Intelligence
9.3 Communicating With Others: Development and Use of Language
Chapter 10. Memory
10.0 Introduction
10.1 Memory Models and Systems
10.2 Long-Term Memory: Categories and Structure
10.3 Long-Term Memory: Encoding and Storage
10.4 Biology of Memory
10.5 Forgetting
10.6 When Memory Is Wrong
Chapter 11. Emotions and Motivations
11.0 Introduction
11.1 The Experience of Emotion
11.2 Theories of Motivation
11.3 Motivation: Food and Sex
Chapter 12. Happiness and Stress
12.0 Introduction
12.1 The History of Positive Psychology
12.2 The Science of Happiness
12.3 Understanding Stress
12.4 Stressors
12.5 Promoting Wellness
Chapter 13. Lifespan Development
13.0 Introduction
13.1 Conception and Prenatal Development
13.2 Infancy and Childhood: Exploring, Learning, and Relating
13.3 Development of Gender
13.4 Adolescence: Developing Independence and Identity
13.5 Early and Middle Adulthood: Building Effective Lives
13.6 Late Adulthood: Aging, Retiring, and Bereavement
Chapter 14. Personality
14.0 Introduction
14.1 Personality Measurement
14.2 Personality as Traits
14.3 Psychodynamic Origins of Personality
14.4 Behaviourist and Social-Cognitive Perspectives on Personality
14.5 Genetic and Environmental Influences on Personality
14.6 Personality and Culture
Chapter 15. Psychological Disorders
15.0 Introduction
15.1 Psychological Disorder: The Challenges of Definition
15.2 Insanity: A History of Mental Illness
15.3 Anxiety and Related Disorders
15.4 Dissociative Disorders
15.5 Mood Disorders
15.6 Schizophrenia: The Edge of Reality
15.7 Personality Disorders
Chapter 16. Treating Psychological Disorders
16.0 Introduction
16.1 Reducing Disorder by Confronting It: Psychotherapy
16.2 Psychopharmacology and Brain-Based Therapies
16.3 Reducing Disorder by Changing the Social Situation
16.4 Evaluating Treatment and Prevention: What Works?
About the Authors
Versioning History
